As a side note, loosely related to the topic of crossbows and self defense ...
Going through old stuff stacked away at my parents' house, I found a spent .22LR cardridge. I had pocketed it about 40 years ago, semi-legally ...
In my youth, we were quite "persuaded" into paramilitary education, including shooting firearms.
In a very controlled environment of course, as one would expect from an authoritarian state.
Thus, at the age of fourteen, I had the "pleasure" to shoot a small caliber firearm, this one in particular:
View attachment 243817
An AK-47 look-alike, only blow back operated because of the tiny .22LR cardridge.
Here a link to
a more detailled description.
The shooting experience was a bit underwhelming, though.
These guns were not properly sighted in, and round steel disks (at 50m) are not really attractive targets for a young boy.
In addition, they suffered from frequent jamming. And with the few shots assigned to each of us, no automatic fire was allowed.
Thus I wrote the whole thing off as ineffective plinking.
But reading up, I was shocked to find that even the subsonic .22LR variant delivers about 120 ft-lbf of kinetic energy, more than any of my crossbows.
And I subsequently found videos of folks killing hogs and cattle with a single .22LR round - always through the head, though.
Just saying...
I am aware that self defense has little to do with lethality.
The main goal is to stop an attacker immediately, and well-placed headshot with a .22 might not be a practical solution in most circumstances.